CHINA-SOVEREIGNTY: CHINA 'UPDATES' OFFICIAL 1989 DIGITAL MAP AND REDRAWS BOUNDARIES OF COUNTIES IN TIBET

The national geographic information public service platform "Tianditu", established and operated by the National Basic Geographic Information Center, a unit directly under the National Surveying and Mapping Geographic Information Bureau of China, is China's authority in the field of digital maps. Some Chinese netizens reportedly (April 18) discovered that “Tianditu” has updated the map information, and inadvertently disclosed the latest national borders advocated by Chinese officials, especially the disputed areas in "southern Tibet". Among the counties are those bordering Tibet and India and Bhutan from east to west. These are: Chayu County, Nyingchi City; Medog County; Cuona County, Shannan City; Luozha County; Kangma County, Yadong County Shigatse City. Among them, the three counties of Chayu, Medog, and Cuona were divided into two by the McMahon Line. The northern area is controlled by China, while the southern area is controlled by India, namely "southern Tibet". Longzi County in Shannan City does not theoretically border India, but the McMahon Line runs through the county from southwest to northeast -- the western part is controlled by China, and the eastern part is controlled by India. Therefore, the "southern Tibet area" is composed of a part of Chayu County, Motuo County in Nyingchi City and Longzi County and Cuona County in Shannan City.

The Tianditu map depicts the southern border of Chayu County as roughly the same as the national border in the 1989 edition; the southern part of Medog County has 'contracted' northward, and the
southern border of Cuona County also roughly coincides with the national border of 1989 edition.
Longzi County does not border India at all.
Cuona County, Shannan City borders not only India but also Bhutan, the disputed area of Mira-Sakden on the border between China and Bhutan is located in the territory of Cuona County -- south of the McMahon Line. Mira-Sakden originally belonged to Tibet and was managed by the Tawang Temple. In 1949, India and Bhutan signed the "Permanent Peace and Friendship Agreement" to transfer Mira-Sakden to Bhutan. In the latest Tianditu map, the border of Cuona County in the Mira-Sakden region is south of the 1989 edition of the national border. Cuona County in Shannan City is not only adjacent to India but also borders with Bhutan. China and Bhutan's disputed border area, Mira-Sakden, is located in Cuona County.

In the new version of the Tianditu map, the border of Cuona County border at the Mira-Sakden area is located south of the national border of 1989 edition. The Baiyu County is the disputed area of Bhutan - China is located in Luozha County, Shannan City, and is composed of the east and the west. Judging from the latest Tianditu map, the western part which was outside the national border in 1989 is now within the border of Luozha County. The eastern part located within the national boundary is now outside the county boundary. The city boundaries of Shannan City are also consistent with the 1989 edition of the national boundaries. 

The Baiyu area, disputed between China and Bhutan, is located in Luozha County, Shannan City, and consists of the east and the west. Judging from the southern border of Luozha County on the Tianditu map, the county boundary in the eastern disputed area lies in north of the national border in 1989 edition. The county boundary in the disputed area in the west is located south of the national border in 1989. It seems to have the consciousness of changing from small to large. It is not known whether China has reached a tacit agreement on this. The disputed area in the western part of the Sino-Bhutan border is mainly located in Yadong County, Shigatse City.

The "vigorous" Donglang (Doklam) confrontation between China and India in 2017 occurred in the Donglang area in the south of Yadong County. It is actually a disputed area between China and Bhutan and has nothing to do with India. In the latest Tianditu map, the borders of Yadong County and the 1989 edition of national borders perfectly coincide, and no change has occurred.

In 2017, the Sino-Indian Donglang confrontation was in full swing. The Donglang area is located in the southern part of Yadong County in the Xigaze region of Tibet, China. It is actually a disputed area of China's Bhutan border. In the new version of the Tianditu map, the boundary of Yadong County coincides with the national boundary in 1989. While the Tianditu map updated the county-level borders, it seems that the 1989 edition of the national borders is still used at the provincial and municipal levels. The provincial and municipal boundaries of Tibet and its subordinate Nyingchi and Shannan cities have not changed.

In addition, in the 13th Five-Year Plan released by Shannan City in 2016, also officially covered the area of "southern Tibet" in Shannan City -- the total land area of Shannan Region is 79,253.53 square kilometres, of which 31,329.59 square kilometres are occupied by India and are still on the plan Indicate in Five Year Plan.

What is more special is that instead of the traditional "Indian-controlled area", the plan map is marked as "India-occupied area". Also marked in the "Shannan Overview" on the official website of the Shannan Municipal Government is the total area of Shannan City of 79,300 square kilometres (including 31,300 square kilometres of Indian controlled areas).
In the 13th Five-Year Plan of Shannan City, Tibet, China not only clearly indicated the area of Shannan City ’s Indian control area, but also marked the scope of “India-occupied area” on the plan and used the term “Indian-occupied” rather than “Indian-controlled”. (Official Website of Shannan City) The words "control" and "occupancy" are not simple word games; the area of "Indian-occupied area" is indicated in the official profile, Facing the problem directly instead of avoiding it and talking about it can be regarded as progress, not to mention solving the problem without facing the problem.







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